IntroductionThe measurement of total protein (TP) levels in serum is a critical diagnostic tool in both human and veterinary medicine. Accurate assessment of TP can provide valuable insights into a patient's health status, especially concerning liver function, kidney function, and nutritional state.

IntroductionRefractometers are essential instruments in various scientific and industrial fields, used to measure the refractive index of substances to determine their concentration or purity. In medical diagnostics, they play a pivotal role in analyzing body fluids, with the Diagnostic Serum Protei

IntroductionRefractometers are essential instruments in various industries, including food and beverage, automotive, medical, and chemical sectors. They measure the refractive index of substances, allowing professionals to determine concentrations, purity, and other critical parameters. With numerou